62 guides

Skin, food and ingredient guides

Clear answers about your skin, the ingredients in your cosmetics and the food on your plate, so you can choose better products with confidence.

Skin problems: causes and what helps

Guides to acne, blackheads, large pores, oily or dry skin, redness, dark spots and more: what causes them and which ingredients and habits help.

All skin problems guides
Skin problems6 min read

Common skin problems: causes, signs and what helps

Acne, oiliness, redness, pores, dark spots and more: what causes the most common face skin problems and what actually helps.Read guide
Skin problems6 min read

Acne: what causes breakouts and which ingredients help

Why breakouts happen, which acne type you have and how salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide, adapalene and niacinamide help.Read guide
Skin problems5 min read

How to get rid of blackheads (and stop them coming back)

Why blackheads form, how to tell them from sebaceous filaments, and the ingredients and habits that clear them for good.Read guide
Skin problems4 min read

How to minimize large pores: what actually works

Pores can't be shrunk for good, but they can look much smaller. Here is what causes large pores and what really helps.Read guide
Skin problems5 min read

Oily skin: causes and a routine that keeps shine in check

What makes skin oily, a simple morning and night routine, and the ingredients that keep shine and clogged pores in check.Read guide
Skin problems5 min read

Dry skin on your face: causes and what helps

Why your face feels tight and flaky, how dry differs from dehydrated skin and which moisturizer ingredients actually help.Read guide
Skin problems5 min read

Sensitive skin: what triggers it and how to care for it

Why skin stings, burns or turns red after products, which ingredients to avoid and how to build a gentle routine.Read guide
Skin problems5 min read

Why is my face red? Common causes of facial redness

Irritation, flushing, sunburn or rosacea? How to tell what is making your face red and which ingredients and habits calm it.Read guide
Skin problems6 min read

Dark spots on your face: causes and ingredients that fade them

Sun spots, acne marks and melasma explained, plus the sunscreen habits and brightening ingredients that help fade dark spots.Read guide
Skin problems6 min read

Under-eye bags and dark circles: causes and what helps

Why eyes get puffy and dark, the habits that help most, what eye creams can and can't do, and when swelling needs a doctor.Read guide
Skin problems5 min read

Crow's feet and fine lines: what causes them and what helps

Why lines form around the eyes, the habits that prevent wrinkles and the anti-aging ingredients with real evidence behind them.Read guide
Skin problems7 min read

Moles: what's normal and when to see a dermatologist

What normal moles look like, the ABCDE warning signs, how to do a monthly self-check and when a mole needs a doctor.Read guide

Skincare basics and routines

How to find your skin type, build a simple morning and night routine, layer products in the right order and choose a sunscreen you will actually use.

All skincare basics guides

Skincare ingredients explained

What salicylic acid, niacinamide, vitamin C, retinol, hyaluronic acid, exfoliating acids and peptides do for your skin, and how to use them together.

All skincare ingredients guides
Skincare ingredients6 min read

How does salicylic acid help your skin?

What salicylic acid does inside your pores, how it helps acne and blackheads, how often to use it and the side effects to watch for.Read guide
Skincare ingredients5 min read

What does niacinamide do for your skin?

How niacinamide (vitamin B3) helps oil, pores, redness and dark spots, which strength to pick and what to pair it with.Read guide
Skincare ingredients5 min read

Vitamin C for skin: benefits, how to use it and which type to choose

What vitamin C does for skin, ascorbic acid vs derivatives, when to apply it and what an orange serum means.Read guide
Skincare ingredients5 min read

Retinol for beginners: how to start without irritation

A week-by-week plan to start retinol, plus retinol vs retinoids, purging vs irritation and who should avoid it.Read guide
Skincare ingredients5 min read

What does hyaluronic acid do for your skin?

How hyaluronic acid hydrates skin, why to apply it on damp skin, sodium hyaluronate explained and the myths to ignore.Read guide
Skincare ingredients6 min read

AHA vs BHA vs PHA: which exfoliating acid is right for you?

Glycolic, lactic, salicylic or gluconolactone? Compare the three acid families and learn how often to exfoliate without irritation.Read guide
Skincare ingredients5 min read

Centella asiatica (cica): what it does for your skin

Cica creams promise calm, comfortable skin. Here is what centella asiatica and madecassoside do, how strong the evidence is and who it suits.Read guide
Skincare ingredients6 min read

Peptides in skincare: what they do and are they worth it?

Signal peptides, copper peptides and "Botox in a jar": what peptide serums can and can't do, and how they compare with retinol.Read guide
Skincare ingredients6 min read

Skincare ingredients you shouldn't mix (and the myths you can ignore)

Retinol with acids, benzoyl peroxide with tretinoin, niacinamide with vitamin C: which combinations to separate and which rules are myths.Read guide
Skincare ingredients7 min read

Glycerin in skincare: what it does, benefits and is it safe?

Glycerin is one of the most studied moisturizing ingredients. Learn how it hydrates skin, why it tops so many labels and whether it suits oily skin.Read guide
Skincare ingredients8 min read

Vitamin E for skin: benefits, side effects and the scar myth

Vitamin E protects skin as an antioxidant and softens dry patches, but it won't fade scars. Learn the forms on labels, allergy risk and how to use it.Read guide
Skincare ingredients7 min read

Panthenol for skin: what provitamin B5 does and who it suits

Panthenol is a gentle humectant that soothes irritated skin and supports barrier repair. Learn who it suits, how to use it and its rare allergy risk.Read guide
Skincare ingredients8 min read

Azelaic acid for skin: rosacea, acne, dark spots and how to use it

Azelaic acid calms rosacea bumps, treats acne and fades dark marks. Learn the strengths, how to use it and how long results take.Read guide
Skincare ingredients8 min read

Kojic acid for skin: does it fade dark spots, and is it safe?

Kojic acid slows melanin production to fade dark spots and melasma. Learn how well it works, the EU 1% limit, irritation risks and how to use it.Read guide
Skincare ingredients8 min read

Citric acid in skincare: what it does and is it bad for your skin?

Citric acid is usually a pH helper in tiny amounts, sometimes an AHA exfoliant. Learn how to tell from the label and why lemon juice on skin is a bad idea.Read guide

Cosmetic ingredient safety

Plain-language guides to parabens, preservatives, sulfates, silicones, fragrance allergens, sunscreen filters and other ingredients people ask about.

All cosmetic safety guides
Cosmetic safety6 min read

How to read a cosmetic ingredient list (INCI)

INCI names, the 1% rule, aqua, parfum and CI numbers: a plain guide to reading the ingredient list on any cosmetic or skincare product.Read guide
Cosmetic safety6 min read

Are parabens safe? What the science and regulators say

Methylparaben, propylparaben and "paraben-free": what the hormone and cancer concerns are based on and what the FDA and EU actually say.Read guide
Cosmetic safety6 min read

Endocrine disruptors in cosmetics: what they are and how to spot them

Parabens, UV filters, triclosan, BHA: what "hormone disruptor" really means, what regulators say and how to spot these ingredients on a label.Read guide
Cosmetic safety6 min read

Sulfates in shampoo: are SLS and SLES bad for you?

SLS, SLES and sulfate-free shampoo explained: what sulfates do, when they irritate, and which hair and scalp types do better without them.Read guide
Cosmetic safety6 min read

Fragrance allergens in cosmetics: what "parfum" can hide

What "parfum" means on a label, which fragrance allergens must be named, and how to tell fragrance-free from unscented.Read guide
Cosmetic safety6 min read

Silicones in skincare and hair care: good, bad or overhyped?

Dimethicone, cyclopentasiloxane and silicone-free shampoo: what silicones really do to hair and skin, and why the EU restricts some of them.Read guide
Cosmetic safety6 min read

Mineral vs chemical sunscreen: which UV filters to choose

Zinc oxide or avobenzone? How mineral and chemical UV filters compare, what regulators say about oxybenzone and what "reef safe" really means.Read guide
Cosmetic safety5 min read

Aluminum in deodorant: is it safe, and what are the alternatives?

Deodorant vs antiperspirant, what cancer organizations say about aluminum and breast cancer, and how to switch to aluminum-free deodorant.Read guide
Cosmetic safety6 min read

Baby skincare: which ingredients to look for and which to avoid

Which ingredients belong in baby wash, lotion, diaper cream and sunscreen, and which to skip, from fragrance to talcum powder.Read guide
Cosmetic safety6 min read

Preservatives in cosmetics: phenoxyethanol, MIT and formaldehyde releasers

Why cosmetics need preservatives, which ones cause allergies, what formaldehyde releasers are and the trade-offs of preservative-free skincare.Read guide

Food labels and nutrition

Understand nutrition labels, Nutri-Score, food additives, ultra-processed foods, sugar, salt and allergens, and learn to compare products in the supermarket.

All food & nutrition guides
Food & nutrition6 min read

What is Nutri-Score? How the A to E food label works

How the A to E Nutri-Score is calculated, where it is used, what the updated algorithm changed and what the label does not measure.Read guide
Food & nutrition6 min read

How to read a nutrition label in 60 seconds

A quick routine for any nutrition label: per 100 g vs per serving, high and low thresholds, %Daily Value, ingredients and claims.Read guide
Food & nutrition6 min read

Ultra-processed foods: what they are and how to spot them

The four NOVA processing groups, the ingredients that give ultra-processed foods away, what the research says and simple swaps.Read guide
Food & nutrition6 min read

E-numbers explained: which food additives to watch

What E-numbers are, what the ranges mean, which additives are harmless and which ones deserve a closer look.Read guide
Food & nutrition6 min read

How much sugar per day is too much? (And where it hides)

Daily sugar limits from WHO, the NHS and the AHA, what counts as added sugar, how to read it on labels and where it hides.Read guide
Food & nutrition6 min read

How much salt per day? Limits, hidden sources and easy swaps

Daily salt and sodium limits, how to convert sodium to salt, where salt hides in everyday foods and simple swaps to eat less.Read guide
Food & nutrition7 min read

Artificial sweeteners explained: aspartame, sucralose, stevia and more

Aspartame, sucralose, stevia and sugar alcohols explained: how they are regulated, the 2023 WHO evaluations and what it means for you.Read guide
Food & nutrition6 min read

Food allergens on labels: the 14 major allergens and how to spot them

The EU and UK 14 allergens, the US 9, how labels highlight them, hidden ingredient names and what to do in an emergency.Read guide
Food & nutrition7 min read

"May contain traces": what precautionary allergen labels really mean

"May contain" warnings are voluntary and inconsistent. Learn what they mean, why the wording doesn't reflect risk and how to check food if you have an allergy.Read guide
Food & nutrition6 min read

Is palm oil bad for you? Health and environmental facts

Palm oil is high in saturated fat and linked to deforestation. Here is what the evidence says, what RSPO means and how to spot palm oil on labels.Read guide
Food & nutrition6 min read

How to check if a food is vegan (hidden animal ingredients)

Carmine, shellac, whey, isinglass: learn the hidden animal ingredients and E-numbers to watch for, and what "may contain milk" means on vegan food.Read guide
Food & nutrition5 min read

Is organic food healthier? What the evidence says

Organic vs conventional: what the research says about nutrition and pesticide residues, what organic logos mean and where organic is worth the money.Read guide
Food & nutrition6 min read

How to choose a healthy snack in the supermarket

Protein bars, granola bars, crisps or yogurt? Learn the label numbers that matter and how to pick store-bought snacks that actually keep you full.Read guide
Food & nutrition6 min read

How to choose a healthy breakfast cereal

Sugar per 100 g, fiber, whole grains first: a simple checklist for picking a healthy breakfast cereal, plus the truth about granola and kids' cereals.Read guide

Our guides explain skin and food topics in plain language, based on public guidance from health authorities such as the World Health Organization, the European Commission and dermatology associations. They are for general information and don't replace advice from a doctor, dermatologist or dietitian.

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